10v spindles

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10v spindles are a common spindle type. They are controlled by a 0-10v analog signal. This signal is used to control the spindle speed.

Setting up the VFD

Before setting up 10v, you need to configure the VFD. This is very device specific, so see the manual of your VFD for details.

If your VFD is supported, check the following:

• The VFD should be set to 10v input
• Make sure that the parameters for max spindle speed/frequency, min and max frequency and acceleration/deceleration are sane.
• If you have a brake resistor circuit, make sure that the VFD is configured to use it.

Spindles are dangerous tools! Always ensure spindles are properly clamped before even attempting to run them. Never run an ATC spindle without a tool. This can damage the seals of the spindle beyond repair.

Configuration

The next step is to setup the configuration of the 10v spindle in the configuration file:

10V:
  forward_pin: gpio.42
  reverse_pin: gpio.1
  pwm_hz: 5000
  output_pin: gpio.2
  enable_pin: NO_PIN
  direction_pin: NO_PIN
  disable_with_s0: false
  s0_with_disable: true
  spinup_ms: 0
  spindown_ms: 0
  tool_num: 0
  speed_map: 0=0.000% 1000=0.000% 24000=100.000%
  off_on_alarm: false

For more details, see the FluidNC wiki

Calibrating the 10v output

The 10v output can be calibrated with a simple multimeter. Connect the multimeter to the Gnd and 10v pins as shown in the picture.

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• Open the WebUI.
• Set the spindle speed to 100%.
• Measure the voltage on the multimeter. If the voltage is not 10v, tune the voltage by rotating the POT meter with a standard cross or Phillips screwdriver.
• Disable the spindle.

Wiring

Before wiring, make sure the configuration is correct, and use a multimeter to check the voltage range of the output. Connect the wires as follows:

Gpio pin 1 is shared between opto 2 and RS485. If you use RS485, you can still use the 10v spindle, but only the forward direction.